CT26/Human SSTR2 Stable Cell Line

Receptor for somatostatin-14 and -28. This receptor is coupled via pertussis toxin sensitive G proteins to inhibition of adenylyl cyclase. In addition it stimulates phosphotyrosine phosphatase and PLC via pertussis toxin insensitive as well as sensitive G proteins. Inhibits calcium entry by suppressing voltage-dependent calcium channels. Acts as the functionally dominant somatostatin receptor in pancreatic alpha- and beta-cells where it mediates the inhibitory effect of somatostatin-14 on hormone secretion. Inhibits cell growth through enhancement of MAPK1 and MAPK2 phosphorylation and subsequent up-regulation of CDKN1B. Stimulates neuronal migration and axon outgrowth and may participate in neuron development and maturation during brain development. Mediates negative regulation of insulin receptor signaling through PTPN6. Inactivates SSTR3 receptor function following heterodimerization.

1. SSTR2A expression is infrequent in astrocytomas and negative in the majority of glioblastomas where it is of no prognostic significance. In contrast, oligodendrogliomas show intense membranous and cytoplasmic SSTR2A expression. PMID: 28467778
2. The results of this study showed the SSTR2 expression was lower in patients pretreated with LA-SSA/PEGV compared to the drug-naive acromegalic patients. PMID: 27455094
3. IHC of SSTR subtypes in the different cohorts showed SSTR2 staining intensity scores higher than SSTR5 in TSHoma, acromegaly and prolactinoma, whereas the expression of SSTR5 was stronger than SSTR2 in corticotropinoma and NFPA. PMID: 28434012
4. SSTR2 was significantly hypermethylated in colorectal cancer tissues when compared with adjacent normal colorectal tissues. PMID: 28782576
5. This study investigated the presence of progenitor/stem cells in non-functioning pituitary tumors (NFPTs) and tested the efficacy of dopamine receptor type 2 (DRD2) and somatostatin receptor type 2 (SSTR2) agonists to inhibit in vitro proliferation PMID: 28120505
6. expression of MDM2, somatostatin receptor 2A, and PD-L1 in follicular dendritic cell sarcoma PMID: 27402219
7. Combination treatment increased both SSTR2 and SSTR5 mRNA and protein levels in DU-145 cells. The data suggest that this combination therapy may be a good candidate for patients with advanced metastatic Prostate cancer (PCa) do not respond to androgen deprivation. PMID: 26531719
8. although the limited number of cases with adequate term follow-up, SSTR-2A expression could be a prognostic factor and somatostatin analogs therapeutic candidate for SmCCs of the bladder as these tumors show high percentage of SSTR-2A expression PMID: 25906124
9. SSTR2 expression was tested in GH-secreting adenomas from 60 patients with acromegaly who had undergone pituitary surgery, 36 of whom had received octreotide with varying levels of response. Its expression was not correlated with baseline or post-octreotide GH or IGF-1 levels or tumor volume. PMID: 25008035
10. Filamin-A is required to mediate SSTR2 effects in pancreatic neuroendocrine tumours PMID: 26733502
11. SSTR2 promoter hypermethylation might be associated with the risk and progression of laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma in males. PMID: 26796520
12. VPA was observed to stimulate the expression of somatostatin receptor type 2 (SSTR2). PMID: 26211366
13. Results show that histological subtyping of pituitary tumor correlated with SSTR2, E cadherin and p27kip protein levels and these may serve as useful biomarkers for prognosis. PMID: 26391562
14. there is an elevation in CXCR4 and a decrease in SSTR2A expression with increasing malignancy in gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms PMID: 26259237
15. mir-185 regulates the expression of SSTR2 in GH-secreting pituitary adenoma. The staining intensity of SSTR2 is stronger in adenoma samples than controls. PMID: 26036598
16. Data indicate that somatostatin receptor scintigraphy (SRS) and immunohistochemical results for somatostatin and dopamine receptors sstr2, sstr3, sstr5 and D2R were compared in neuroendocrine neoplasms tissues. PMID: 25808161
17. CD56 marker is a useful alternative that is comparable to SSTR2A for the diagnosis of phosphaturic mesenchymal tumors. PMID: 26339384
18. The number of SSTR-2-expressing cells was significantly smaller in the patients with Crohn's disease than that in those with the unchanged mucosa and in those with indeterminate (unclassified) colitis. PMID: 26978232
19. In pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors, the primary tumor and metastases differ significantly in their SSTR2A expression. PMID: 25872131
20. Study demonstrates the first evidence of SST2R expression and somatostatin receptor scintigraphy positivity in pancreatic serous cystadenomas. PMID: 25872132
21. Somatostatin receptors were expressed in a high proportion of merkel cell carcinomas, although expression was heterogeneous between tumours and was not associated with disease severity. PMID: 25765179
22. SSTR2 gene expression was dysregulated in the anterior cingulate of bipolar patients. PMID: 26238605
23. Low SSTR2 expression is associated with pancreatic cancer. PMID: 25890201
24. e hSSTr2 gene can act as not only a reporter gene for in vivo imaging, but also a therapeutic gene for local radionuclide therapy. PMID: 25879040
25. Somatostatin type 2 receptor, a clinically crucial molecular target, shows variable and unpredictable expression in neuroendocrine neoplasms irrespective of tumor grade. PMID: 25591947
26. This study indicated that SSTR2 may be associated with the selective vulnerability of the noradrenergic system in Alzheimer's disease. PMID: 25676386
27. sST2 is proposed as a biomarker for progressive vascular fibrosis, and the involvement of sST2 in the pathogenesis of limited cutaneous systemic sclerosis may be exploited therapeutically. PMID: 26095613
28. The expression of VEGF and SSTR2 were associated with progression and prognosis of gastric cancer. PMID: 26158180
29. SSTR2 and SSTR5 protein levels were induced as compared to any agent alone. PMID: 25925002
30. SSTR 5 was shown to be the main receptor subtype in the analysed differentiated or anaplastic thyroid malignancies, whereas SSTR 2 was found only in a small percentage. PMID: 24967740
31. SSTR2A and SSTR3 are more likely to be expressed in SDH-deficient pheochromocytomas/paragangliomas compared with tumors demonstrating normal SDHB staining pattern. PMID: 25554089
32. Relationships between SSTR2A and breast or prostate cancer showed low concordance between CpGs methylation grade and cancer. PMID: 25635370
33. SSTR2 expression seems an important factor in the pathogenesis of prostate cancer PMID: 25010045
34. agonist-selective sst2 receptor internalization is regulated by multi-site phosphorylation of its carboxyl-terminal tail. PMID: 24565897
35. Filamin A is involved in SST2 stabilization and signaling in tumoral somatotrophs, playing both a structural and functional role. PMID: 24828612
36. SSTR2 is overexpressed in gastric and duodenal neuroendocrine tumors PMID: 24565507
37. We genotyped two single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in genes of importance for respiratory control: P2RY1 (adenosine diphosphate/adenosine triphosphate receptor) and SSTR2 (somatostatin receptor). PMID: 23828624
38. ZAC1 and SSTR2 are down-regulated in non-functioning pituitary adenomas but not in somatotropinomas. PMID: 24098585
39. Whereas sst2 receptors might play a primary role in the differentiation and regulation of TSH, LH, and FSH cells, sst5 receptors appear to be mainly involved in GH regulation from birth onward PMID: 24189142
40. The analyses of this study demonstrated specific upregulation of sst 2 mRNA in medulloblastoma PMID: 23677175
41. We studied the expression of SSTR(2A) and SSTR(5) with new procedures in 108 pituitary tumors PMID: 24182563
42. Somatostatin receptor-2 positivity, either focal or diffuse, does not seem to predict prognosis in gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumors. PMID: 23794313
43. Because of its diffuse strong expression and widespread availability, immunohistochemistry for SSTR2A is useful to confirm the diagnosis of phosphaturic mesenchymal tumors in an appropriate setting particularly if material is limited. PMID: 24060005
44. mRNA levels of SSTR2a, SSTR3 and SSTR5 in neuroendocrine lung cancer affected patients, were determined. PMID: 21503779
45. Low somatostatin receptor subtype 2, but not dopamine receptor subtype 2 expression is associated with the lack of biochemical response of somatotropinomas to treatment with somatostatin analogs PMID: 22472799
46. Results suggest that targeting adenoviral vectors to sstr2A could provide a new strategy for the efficient transfer of genes to glioblastoma cells. PMID: 22592599
47. Report down-regulation of SSTR-2 expression in operable hepatocellular carcinomas. PMID: 22640914
48. Data suggest that somatostatin-14 inhibits secretion from alpha and beta pancreatic cells by activating GIRK (G protein-coupled inwardly-rectifying potassium channel) and inhibiting exocytosis; these effects are mediated by SSTR2 in both cell types. PMID: 22932785
49. Mean cortical SSTR2 mRNA levels were significantly (19%) lower in the subjects with schizophrenia compared to controls. PMID: 21215273
50. Data show that the aspartic acid changes at position 89 to either Ala, Leu, or Arg generated mutant somatostatin receptor subtype 2 (SSTR2) with varying expression profiles and a complete inability to bind somatostatin-14 (SST). PMID: 22495673

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Cell membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein. Cytoplasm. Note=Located mainly at the cell surface under basal conditions. Agonist stimulation results in internalization to the cytoplasm.

G-protein coupled receptor 1 family

Expressed in both pancreatic alpha- and beta-cells (at protein level). Expressed at higher levels in the pancreas than other somatostatin receptors. Also expressed in the cerebrum and kidney and, in lesser amounts, in the jejunum, colon and liver. In the

HGNC: 11331

OMIM: 182452

KEGG: hsa:6752

STRING: 9606.ENSP00000350198

UniGene: Hs.514451